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ORGANIZATION, OBJECTS, 



AND 



PLAN OF OPEEATIONS, 



OF THE 



imigraitt |^& fcpang: 



ALSO 



A DESCRIPTION OF KANZAS. 



FOR THE INFORMATION OF EMIGRANTS. 



• .'Vm>^^ 

THIRD EDITION, WITH ADDITIONS. | T / -^ \'^ t 



BOSTON: 

PRINTED BY ALFRED MUDGE & SON, 
No. 21 School Street. 

185 4. 












trustees. 
AMOS A. LAWRENCE, Boston. 
J. M. S. WILLIAMS, Cambridge. 
ELI THAYER, Worcester. 



^Treasurer. 
AMOS A. LAWRENCE, Boston. 



Secrttars. 
THOMAS H. WEBB, Boston. 

Secretary's Office. — At the Massachusetts Historical Society's Rooms, 
over the Institution for Savings, next door south of the Museum, Trcmont 
Street, Boston. 



D^ Since the publication of the former editions of the follo^^^ng pamphlet, 
modifications have been made in the plan of operations, suggested by the ex- 
perience gained in the progress of business. The number of persons from 
the New England and other free States, desirous of going out under the aus- 
pices of the Company, has been so large, that it has not been deemed necessa- 
ry to use special efforts to introduce any foreign emigrants into the two ncAV 
tenitories, nor does it appear probable that su.ch a necessity Avill arise at pres- 
ent, nor until the basis of society shall have been formed. Neither has it been 
possible, as yet, to devote much attention to preventmg the frauds practised on 
foreign emigrants. 

Much valuable and accurate infoimation has been received from, the agents 
of the Society, now in Kanzas, and from individuals already settled thei'e, in- 
cluding members of the parties who have lately gone from New England; in 
fact, letters are often received at the Secretary's Office, Avhich have been 
written in Kanzas the week before. Persons are frequently retiirning to take 
out their families, all of whom concur in representing the country as a desira- 
ble residence, and as being rapidly occupied by a hardy and industrious native 
population. 






EMIGRANT AID COMPANY. 



I'or the purpose of ans^Ye^iIlg immcrous inquiries, conceruing 
the plan of operation of the Emigrant Aid Company, and the 
resources of Kanzas Territory, which it is proposed now to set- 
tle, the Secretary of the Company has deemed it expedient to ■ 
publish the following definite information in regard to these 
particulars : 

I. THE COMPANY'S OBJECTS AND PLANS.* 

The objects of this Association are apparent in its name. 

The immense emigration to America from Europe introduces 
into our ports a very large number of persons eager to pass 
westward. The fertility of our western regions, and the cheap- 
ness of the public lands, induce many of the native born citizens 
of the old States also to emigrate thither. At the present time 
public and social considerations of the gravest character render 
it desirable to settle the territories west of ^Missouri and Iowa ; 
and these considerations are largely increasing the amount of 
westward emigration. 

The foreign arrivals in America, last year, were 400,777. In 
the same year, the emigration to Western States, of Americans 
and foreigners, must have amounted to much more than 200,000 
persons. The emigration thither, this year, will be larger still. 
And from the older Western States large numbers are removing 
into new territory. 

Persons who are familiar with the course of movement of this 
large annual throng of emigrants, know that under the arrange- 
ments now existing they suffer aC every turn. The frauds prac- 
tised upon them by "runners" and other agents of transporting 
lines in the State of New^'ork, amount to a stupendous system 

*This paper, on the plan of operations, is the Report of the Committee of 
those named in the Act of Incorporation. It was made in May, 1854, and is 
signed " Eli Thayer, for the Committee." 



of knavery : which has not been broken up even by the patient 
endeavors of the State ofl&cers, and by very stringent State legis- 
lation. The complete ignorance as to our customs in which the 
foreign emigrant finds himself, and in more than half the for- 
eign emigration, his complete ignorance of our language, sub- 
jects him to every fraud, and to constant accident. It is in 
the face of every conceivable inconvenience, that the Country 
receives every year four hundred thousand foreigners into its 
seaports, and sends the larger portion of them to its AVestern 
Country. 

^ The inconveniences and dangers to health to which the 
pioneer is subject who goes out alone or with his family, only 
in making a new settlement, are familiar to every American. 

The Emigrant Aid Company has been formed to protect emi- 
grants, as far as may be, from such inconveniences. Its duty 
is to organize emigration to the West and bring it into a system. 
This duty, which should have been attempted long ago, is par- 
ticularly essential now, in the critical position of the western 
territories. 

It has been decided to execute a deed of trust in lieu of the 
charter granted by the Legislature, and it is believed that by 
an immediate subscription to this fund of two hundred thous- 
and dollars the emigrant may be protected : a free State may 
be secured to the lasting advantage of the Country ; and possi- 
bly a valuable property secured to the subscribers. 

The emigrant suffers whenever he goes alone into his new 
home. He suffers from the frauds of others — from his own ig- 
norance of the system of travel ; and of the country where he 
settles ; and, again, from his want of support from neighbors — 
which results in the impossibility of any combined assistance, 
or of any division of labor. 

The Emigrant Aid Company will relieve him from all these 
embarrassments, by sending out emigrants in companies, and 
establishing them in considerable numbers. They will locate 
these where they please on arrival in their new home, and re- 
ceive from government their titles. The Company propose to 
carry them to their homes more cheaply than they could other- 
wise go— to enable them to establish themselves with the least 
inconvenience, and to provide the most important prime necessi- 
ties of a new colony. It will provide shelter and food at the 
lowest prices after the arrival of emigrants, while they make the 
arrangements necessary for their new homes. It will render 
all the assistance which the information of its agents can give. 
And, by establishing emigrants in large numbers in the terri- 



tories, it will give tliem the power of using at once those social 
influences which radiate from the church, the school, and the 
press, in the organization and development of a community. 

For these purposes, it is recommended, 1st, that the Trus- 
tees contract immediately with some one of the competing lines 
of travel for the conveyance of 20,000 persons from Massachu- 
setts, to that place in the West which the Trustees shall select 
for their first settlement. 

It is believed that passage may be obtained, in so large a 
contract, at a much less price than that paid by individuals. 
We recommend that emigrants receive the full advantage of this 
diminution of price, and that they be forwarded in companies 
of two hundred, as they apply, at these reduced rates of travel. 

2nd. It is recommended that at such points as the Trustees 
select for places of settlement, they shall at once construct a 
boarding house or receiving house — in which three hundred 
persons may receive temporary accommodation on their arrival, 
and that the number of such houses be enlarged as necessity 
may dictate. The new comers or their families may thus be 
provided for, in the necessary interval which elapses while they 
are making their selection of a location. 

3d. It is recommended that the Trustees procure and send 
forward steam saw mills, grist mills, and such other machines 
as shall be of constant service in a new settlement, — which 
cannot however be purchased or carried out conveniently by 
individual settlers. These machines may be leased or run by 
the Company's agents. At the same time, it is desirable that 
a printing press be sent out, and a weekly newspaper estab- 
lished. This would be the organ of the Company's agents :— 
would extend information regarding its settlement, and be from 
the very first, an index of that love of freedom and of good 
morals, which it is to be hoped may characterize the State now 
to be formed. 

4th. It is recommended that the Company's agents locate, and 
take up for the Company's benefit the sections of land in which 
the boarding houses and mills are located,— and no others. 
And further, that whenever the territory shall be organized as 
a free State, the Trustees shall dispose of all its interests 
there, replace by the sales the money laid out, declare a divi- 
dend to the Stockholders ; — and 

5th. That they then select a new field, and make similar ar- 
rangements for the settlement and organization of another free 
State of this Union. 



6 

AVith the advantages attained by such a system of ef- 
fort, the Territory selected as the scene of operations, would, 
it is believed, at once fill up with free inhabitants. There is 
reason to suppose that several thousand men of New England 
origin, propose to emigrate under the auspices of some such ar- 
rangement this very summer. Of the w^hole emigration from 
Europe, — amounting to some 400,000 persons, there can be no 
difficulty in inducing thirty or forty thousand to take the same 
direction. Applications from German agents have already been 
made to members of the Company, We have also intimations 
in correspondence from the free States of the AVest, of a wide 
spread desire there among those who know what it is to settle 
a new country to pass on, if such an organization can be made 
into that now thrown open. An emigrant party of those in- 
tending to go has been formed in Worcester County, and others 
in other States. 

In view of the establishment by such agencies of a new Free 
State in that magnificent region, it is unnecessary to dwell in 
detail on the advantages which this enterprise holds out to the 
Country at large. 

It determines in the right way the institutions of the unset- 
tled Territories, in less time than the discussion of them has 
required in Congress. It opens to those who are in want in the 
Eastern States, a home and a competence, without the suifering 
hitherto incident to emigration. For the Company is the 
pioneer, — and provides, before the settler arrives, the conven- 
iences which he first requires. Such a removal of an over- 
crowded population, is one of the greatest advantages to Eastern 
cities. Again, the enterprise opens commercial advantages to 
the commercial States, just i7i proportion to the population 
which It creates, of free men who furnish a market to our man- 
ufactures and imports. Whether the new line of States shall he 
Free States or Slave States, is a question deeply interesting to 
those who are to provide the manufactures for their consump- 
tion. Especially will it prove an advantage to 3/assachusetts, 
if she create the new State by her foresight — supply the first 
necessities to its inhabitants — aiid open, in the outset, commu- 
nicatio7is between their ho7nes and her ports and factories. 

In return for these advantages, which the Company's rapid 
and simple eflfort afi"ords to the emigrant and to the country, its 
Stockholders receive that satisfaction, ranked by Lord Bacon 
among the very highest, of becoming founders of States,* and 

* See Mr. Everett's Speech on the Nebraska Bill. 



more than this, — States which are iDrosperous and free. They 
secure satisfaction by an investment which promises large re- 
turns at no distant da}^ 

Under the plan proposed, it will be but two or three years 
before the Company can dispose of its property in the Territory 
first occupied — and reimburse itself for its first expenses. At 
that time, — in a State of 70,000 inhabitants, it will possess 
several reservations of G40 acres each, — on which its boarding 
houses and mills stand, — and the churches and school houses 
which it has rendered necessary. From these centres will the 
settlements of the State have radiated. In other words, these 
points will then be the large commercial positions of the new 
State. If there were only one such, — its value, after the region 
should be so far peopled, would make a very large dividend to 
the Company which sold it, besides restoring its original capital, 
with which to enable it to. attempt the same adventure else- 
where. 

It is to be remembered that all accounts agree that the re- 
gion of Kanzas is the most desirable part of America now open 
to the emigrant. It is accessible in seven days continuous 
travel from Boston. Its crops are very bountiful, — its soil 
being well adapted to the staples of Virginia and Kentucky, 
and especially to the growth of hemp. In its eastern section 
the woodland and prairie-land intermix in proportions, very well 
adapted for the purposes of the settler. Its mineral resources, 
especially its coal, in the central and Western parts, are inex- 
haustible. A steamboat is already plying on the Kanzas river, 
and the Territory has uninterrupted steamboat communication 
with New Orleans, and all the tributaries of the -Mississippi 
river. All the overland emigration to California and Oregon, 
by any of the easier routes, passes of necessity through its 
limits. Whatever roads are built westward must begin in its 
Territory. For it is here that the emigrant leaves the Missouri 
river. Of late years the demand for provisions and breadstufFs 
made by emigrants proceeding to California, has given to the 
inhabitants of the neighboring parts of Missouri a market, at 
as good rates as they could have found in the Union. 

It is impossible that such a region should not fill up rapidly. 
The Emigrant Aid Company proposes to give confidence to set- 
tlers, by giving system to emigration. By dispelling the fears 
that Kanzas will be a slave State, — the Company will remove 
the only bar which now hinders its occupation by free settlers. 
It is to be hoped that similar companies will be formed in other 
free States. The enterprise is of that character, that for those 
who first enter it, the more competition the better. 



It is recommended that the first settlement made by the 
Trustees, shall receive the name of that city in this Common- 
wealth which shall have subscribed most liberally to the capital 
stock of the Company, in proportion to its last decennial valua- 
tion ; and that the second settlement be named from the city 
next in order so subscribing. 

II. KESOUKCES OF KANZAS. 

The Secretary is constantly receiving Letters from various 
sections of the Country, asking for information respecting the 
Kanzas Territory ; such as, what may be the nature of the 
soil, the temperature of the region, the facilities of access to it, 
the navigableness of its streams, the state of the seasons as 
compared with our own, the means of procuring provisions, ag- 
ricultural implements, &c. 

The Emigrant Company has now several agents in Kanzas, 
ascertaining its resources, both mineral and agricultural, for 
the purpose of aiding in making judicious selections of localities 
for settlement. This information and all other of general in- 
terest relating to this Territory, will, from time to time, be 
made public. 

In the mean while, at the request of the Trustees, the Secre- 
tary has selected, from the correspondence on file, several arti- 
cles of general interest. The first of these, "Notes," &c., was 
received from its author, Mr. Park,* who made a trip up the 
Kanzas river, in June last, for the express purpose of acquiring, 
by personal observation and careful research, that definite in- 
formation, so all important for the immigrant to possess. A 
correspondent states that Mr. P. " has had long experience on 
the frontier, and in the course of his narrative gives his obser- 
vations on the soil, and his notices of the timbered portion of 

* The senior editor of the Industrial Luminary, a weekly paper, published 
at $2 per annum, in advance, at Parkville, Platte Co., Missouri. Mr. P. 
promises to communicate further with the public, through the medium of this 
paper, and to furnish intelligence on a great variety of topics, which will be 
interesting to those who contemplate removing to the Territory referred to. 



the coimtrj, and the spots best adapted for locations, town 
sites, &c." 

Upon a careful perusal of the "Notes," and a comparison 
thereof, with other materiel which has appeared, they are found 
fraught with information, such as is now eagerly sought after, 
much greater in amount, more graphically communicated, and 
condensed in less space than can readily be found elsewhere ; it 
is therefore thought no better service can be done to the thous- 
ands whose attention is now directed Kanzas-wise, than by 
causing them to be issued in a convenient pamphlet form. 

"NOTES* OF A TRIP UP KANZAS RIVER, INCLUDING 
OBSERVATIONS ON THE SOIL, CLIxMATE, SCENERY, &c. 

By Geo. S. Park. 

In compliance with an invitation from Capt. Baker and C. 
A. Perry, Esq., the enterprising owners of the fine little steamer 
'Excel,' we stepped on board at Parkville, on Friday, IGth 
June, as one of the pleasure party up the Kanzas and Smoky 
Hill Pavers. And here let us say that too much praise cannot 
be awarded to these gentlemen for the successful efibrts they 
have made and are still making, to find the channel and estab- 
lish the navigation of the Kanzas River; they have already 
accomplished some half dozen successive trips to Fort Riley; 
have delivered there all necessary government freight, with a 
speed, care, and a saving of expense, hitherto unknown ; and 
they have further concluded to keep their fleet little craft on 
that river, for the purpose of aiding settlers in reaching, with 
comfort and convenience, the places of their destination in the 
beautiful Kanzas country, so long as the stage of water will 
admit. This resolve of theirs is good, and will be at once 
profitable as a business arrangement, and well-timed as an 
immense convenience to immigrants. We do cordially wish 
them, as the pioneers of steamboat navigation in this gem of 
the far-west, — Kanzas, — all the honor, and all the profit to 
which their industry and enterprise so richly entitle them. 

Our party was a most agreeable one; consisting of Dr. 
Hammond, U. S. A., and lady — Miss Nisbet of Philadelphia, 
sister of Mrs. Hammond — Mrs. Perry and Mrs. Baker, with 



10 

their families — Mr. Mills, Paymaster's Clerk, — Mr. Castleman 
of Delaware — Mr. Murdoch of New York — Mr. McCann of Vir- 
ginia — aud our gentlemanly officers, Messrs. Baker, Perry, and 
Dixon. The excursionists were not numerous ; there were, 
however, enough to constitute an agreeable and pleasant com- 
pany. The ladies of our party were the first who have sailed 
up this beautiful river of the Prairies. 

Casting loose from the landing at Parkville, we passed rap- 
idly down to Kanzas City ; and, late the same evening, leaving 
the eddying waters of the 'Mad Missouri,' turning her prow 
towards the setting sun, heading gaily towards the Eocky 
mountains, the ' Excel ' was steaming at a fine rate up the 
Kanzas. It is more than 600 yards wide at the mouth. The 
water of this river is mixed with a sandy sediment, like the 
Missouri ; but it is freer from snags, the banks are less liable 
to wash and fall in, and the current is not nearly so rapid. 
For the first hundred miles or so, its average width will reach 
600 yards ; from Pattawatomie to Big Blue, 400 yards ; from 
Big Blue to Fort Eiley, 200 yards. The Pawnee or Eepublican, 
and Smoky Hill forks, are scarcely 100 yards wide. The 
Smoky Hill is the narrowest and deepest. Below Uniontown 
(about one hundred and thirty miles, by water, from the Mis- 
souri Eiver,) the Kanzas is quite straight, but above that point, 
it is crooked. It will be a good navigable river for two or three 
months in each year — perhaps for three or four in wet seasons ; 
penetrating westward, as it does, into the heart of the Conti- 
nent, it therefore must become most important in a commercial 
point of view. 

Some of our company joined us at Delaware. Above that 
place the land is heavily timbered on both sides of the river — 
with some wide, high bottoms on either bank, consisting of 
high, dry, rich alluvion. Every five or six miles in this region 
we passed fine bluffs on the river ; and on our right, immedi- 
ately below the mouth of ' Stranger,' there is a beautiful one, 
with open woods, and high, rolling prairie in the background. 
Just above the junction of that stream with the Kanzas Eiver, 
there is a great bend, like a horse-shoe, where a tract of excel- 
lent, high bottom land can be easily inclosed by a short fence 
across the neck. On the south si c of the river, opposite that 
bend, there is a pretty town site, ru *ng gradually back from 
the edge of the water — the plat covered vv ith grass and scatter- 
ing timber, forming a green lawn backed with high prairies. 
In this neighborhood the shore is rocky. , Wc passed a bald 
bluff on the north, with a rich bottom on the south side, and a 



11 

high, open lawn in the rear. A little farther on, the elevated 
prairies strike the river, giving a charming variety to the 
scenery — while on the north are extended bottoms of rich tim- 
bered land. 

In this vicinity we saw many Indians along the banks ; we 
also passed a grape thicket, in the bottom, spread over several 
thousands of acres — while just above, on our right, rose a rocky 
bluiF, covered with open woods. A little way above this, Sugar 
Creek empties into the Kanzas, from the right ; and a little 
farther up, there is a low bluif — a short distance beyond, there 
being another fine grape thicket, and rich walnut bottom. On 
the right side of the river coal has been found ; and here, again, 
rises a beautiful undulating eminence, afifording a magnificent 
site for a town, on the height there being open woods, and a fine 
prairie about a mile back. 

On the left, a short distance above, the Wakarusa flows in — 
a considerable stream, with good timber for some way back. 
Below the mouth there is a good bluif, and behind are the 
Wakarusa settlements. Here the Methodist Church (North) 
have a mission. Coal has also been discovered above the 
Wakarusa. The Shawnees have sold, without reserve, all their 
lands in this direction ; and the whole country on the south side 
of the Kanzas, above, on its waters (except a strip five miles 
wide, and thirty miles long, owned by the Pattawatomies,) is 
now open to settlement. There will probably be some vacant 
lands below, after the Shawnees have made their selections. 

In this connection it may properly be remarked, that the 
Wyandots own thirty-nine sections in the forks of the Kanzas 
and Missouri rivers. The Delawares, by their recent treaty, 
reserve a strip ten miles wide and forty miles long, running up 
nearly to the mouth of the Grasshopper. The Kanzas Indians, 
too, have a reservation twenty-two miles long, by one mile wide, 
north of the river, below Pattawatomie ; while the Pattawato- 
mies have thirty miles square, partly on each side of the 
Kanzas — and the Kickapoos hold a small reserve near the head 
of Grasshopper. All the balance of the vast regions, drained 
by the Kanzas river and its tributaries are now open for settle- 
ment, and will soon arrest the attention of the enterprising set- 
tlers. 

On both sides of the river, above the Wakarusa, there are 
excellent bottom lands ; and, a short way beyond these, another 
fine site for a town presents itself on the north side — while 
still farther up on the south bank, the high prairie comes right 
down to the water's edge, presenting another appropriate place, 



12 

where the busy hum of commerce may by and by speak the 
presence of a city. Here we saw numerous cabins of settlers ; 
and away, as far as the eye could reach, in a southwesterly di- 
rection, the prairies were high and rolling like the waves of 
Old Ocean. Southward, beautiful groves dot the prairie, and 
the dark line of timber that stretches along the AVakarusa val- 
ley — with the great Prairie-mound, so to speak, fixed there as 
the land mark of perpetual beauty — the meandering river, with 
its dark skirting forests of timber on the north — all are scenes 
in Nature's magnificent Panorama, here brought within range 
of vision. Proceeding north, high rich bottoms extend for 
many miles, and we saw vast thickets of grape-vines, pea- 
vines, raspberries, and pawpaws. The timber was principally 
oak, walnut, ash, hickory, mulberry, hackberry, linden, cotton- 
wood, and cofi'ee-bean. 

A few miles below the mouth of the Grasshopper, on the 
north, the prairie undulates gradually back from the river as 
far as the eye can reach. At its confluence with the Kanzas, 
there is on the opposite shore, a beautiful bluff; and between 
the Grasshopper and Mud Creek, there is a prairie bottom 
where pioneers were making claims. Capt. Baker thinks that 
from this point to the mouth of the Kanzas is a distance of 
80 miles by the river. 

For the next twenty miles the country in our course pre- 
sented the same general features as those just given — on both 
sides, alternating prairie and timber, all capable of settlement. 
We passed Mr. Stinson's ferry ; his house and farm are very 
picturesquely situated on an eminence where the upland and 
prairies come down to the river. 

About one hundred miles from the mouth of Kanzas (by 
Capt. Baker's estimate) we passed, on the north side, a fine 
bluff with clumps of trees on the top, rich rolling prairie in the 
background, and heavy timber above and below. A little far- 
ther up, on the left bank, a high prairie bottom comes in, 
which swells gracefully away southward, with copes of timber, 
presenting to the enraptured pioneer sites for the choicest 
farms. Settlements are being made there on both sides of the 
river. 

Passing onward, we come to the mouth of Soldier Creek, 
which has its rise far up north, and gives variety to the land- 
scape by its dark line of fringing timber. AVe next saw Pap- 
pan's Perry. His house is on the right, in a fine timbered 
bottom ; while on the south, high prairies, such as we have 
already noticed, come down to the river. Here we crossed the 



13 

Pattawatomie line, about one hundred and fifteen miles from the 
mouth of the Kanzas. Timber, on both sides of the river, were 
next passed — the prairie bluffs, on the south, about one hundred 
feet high — soon after which, we reached the Great (Jrossing. 
There are three ferries together — with Pattawatomie settle- 
ments, stores, and the Baptist School and Mission on the south 
side ; and, every few miles beyond, there was the same succes- 
sion of groves and prairie on either hand, presenting unequalled 
situations for farms. 

Uniontown was next seen. It is made up of about twenty 
log cabins, and is situated on the south bank, about a mile from 
the river. Steaming onward, we passed Red Bluffs and Dar- 
ling's Ferry; and a little fiirther beyond is Mill Creek, a con- 
siderable stream, on which the Pattawatomies have erected a 
mill. The soil here is of a red mulatto color, and is very pro- 
ductive ; up this little river we saw fine groves of timber, and 
many high mounds, forming scenery of surpassing beauty. 

Above Mill Creek, on the south, we passed an excellent prai- 
rie town site. A little farther, on the same side, there are 
lofty banks of red marl, with high prairie in the rear. AVe saw 
a large band of Indians who had been holding a council in the 
neighborhood, and here the carcase of a huge buffiilo floated 
past. Again we had the rich bottoms and prairies on either 
side of us ; and when we could withdraw our gaze from the 
country near by, we caught glimpses of the splendid portions 
stretching away far beyond. Coming to an Indian wood yard, 
fifteen cords of wood were taken on board, for which was paid 
the sum of $37,50. This is a new employment, as well as a 
profitable one for the red men ; and the owners promised to 
have fifteen or twenty cords more ready by the time the steamer 
returned- Our fine little craft was a most interesting sight to 
most of them ; and she was examined from the bank by over a 
hundred, whom curiosity had drawn together to see what had 
made such a shrill whistle I . They were very animated ; and 
commerce may yet infuse industrious habits into many of the 
Indian race. 

About a mile farther up, and a little back from the river, is 
the Catholic Mission. Skimming along for about twenty-five 
miles farther, we reached the mouth of Vermillion Biver, empty- 
ing from the north, the timber on its banks forming a dark line 
through the landscape for many miles along its course. Two 
miles or so, above, we passed the western Pattawatomie line — 
supposed to be about one hundred and seventy miles, by water, 
from the mouth of the river. 



14 

And from this western line, let it be remarked, all the coun- 
try westward and northward is open for settlement. 

From this boundary to its mouth, the Kanzas Kiver presses 
on the southern bank, touching the uplands every four or five 
miles ; while on the north side, from a point just below the 
mouth of the Blue, down some fifty miles, there is a continuous 
bottom, four or five miles wide — larger and more magnificent 
than the far-famed American Bottoms, below St. Louis. Here 
excellent corn has been raised by the half breeds for many 
years. The soil is a black, sandy loam — kind, warm, and quick ; 
and produces much earlier in the season than farms in the 
same latitude east. Emigrants to California and Oregon, who 
are aware of this fact, prefer to cross the Missouri Biver, at 
Parkville, and take the great road up the Kanzas Valley, on 
the north side, on this account. They find most excellent graz- 
ing for their stock by the 1st of April, often earlier. We have 
not seen a swamp or wet slough, nor any stagnant water, in the 
valley drained by the Kanzas Eiver. The streams, generally 
speaking, flow over gravelly beds; most of the bottoms are 
high ; the few that are low are of a dry, sandy character ; and 
the prairies are rolling enough to drain off the water freely. 

Passing the west line of the Pattawatomie nation, we entered 
upon open prairie, often reaching the river on both sides ; now 
and then a small grove, and a light fringe of -timber on the 
banks. On the right, in a great prairie bottom, in a bend of 
the river extending back to Bock Creek, Mr. Perry has made a 
selection for a stock farm ; and a little way above his claim 
there is another gi-eat bend, offering a tempting inducement to 
some other enterprising farmer who has a taste for stock rais- 
ing. Beyond this we passed a large grove of timber on the 
right, and then passed a most appropriate bluff for a t(fwn site 
— the first we saw for several miles. Here we saw Blue Hill, 
which is a prominent landmark overlooking the mouth of Blue 
river. From this point upward, the bluffs are higher and more 
abrupt, and the country back more elevated and broken. Here 
we saw a large eagle nest, out of which the old bird looked an- 
grily at us, for intruding on its pre-emption ; but she, too, 
must give way, with the red skins, to manifest destiny. A 
little way above, another huge buffalo floated past; he may 
have been anxious to slake his thirst in the Bepublican or 
Smokyhill, lost foothold, and got carried away by the rolling 
flood. 

Passing the mouth of the Blue, which comes in from the 
north, (as nearly all the tributaries of Kanzas do,) and appears 



15 

to be navigable for some distance, we were pleased with its fine 
bottoms and long streak of timber; while on the left, were 
conical bluffs and high prairie mounds, with figured lines, and 
steps rising one above another in the distance, contributing to 
the scenery a very romantic appearance. Immediately above 
this important tributary, there is another beautiful prairie bot- 
tom, sloping back northward farther than we could see ; and on 
the left, still another, containing more than 2000 acres, in a 
bend not more than three-fourths of a mile across the neck. — 
The enticing features of the latter are — a little grove of timber 
on the height, a cool gushing spring, and plenty of rock at 
hand in the bluff, with which to raise an enduring fence over 
the narrow isthmus. The world does not present a more excel- 
lent situation for a stock farm ; indeed, the whole line of the 
main river and branches, from here upward, may be said to be 
adapted for a continuous series of such farms. On the right 
a bluff comes into the river, the first above the mouth of the 
Blue, offering an appropriate town site ; and we saw stakes set 
on the slope, as well as a tent or cabin back on the high prairie 
— indicating that our countrymen were there. Just above, 
there is a clear, running stream, and a line of timber reaching 
far back. From this to the Fort, the river winds like a natural 
canal, through green flowery meadows, with similar scenery in 
the distance. On the left, we saw some splendid country for 
farms, up the valley of a stream, the name of which we do not 
recollect ; there were fine gi'oves of timber, and rich valley land. 
We understand that several claims have been made there. 

On Monday night, just before reaching Fort Eiley, we were 
overtaken by a tremendous thunder storm. We were surrounded 
by prairie ; and the captain had to lay his craft close to the 
shore, and cast anchor, there being no stump or tree to hitch to. 
He is of opinion, that there should not be a cabin on steamers 
navigating these prairie rivers, where the winds sometimes 
sweep along with unbroken violence. AVe saw the Pilot Mounds 
in the distance, where the military road leaves the Kanzas bot- 
toms, and passes through a depression in the bluff to the cross- 
ing of the Blue. We passed some small creeks on the right, 
with settlements on them ; and Clark's Creek, on the left, 
affording some fine timbered lands, and good springs. 

A little after sunrise, on Tuesday morning, we neared Fort 
Eiley — its fine stone buildings looming up grandly in the sun- 
beams. It is located at the junction of the Republican and 
Smokyhill forks of the Kanzas, on the second bench or roll of the 
prairie, having higher bluffs immediately behind, from which 



16 

the building rock is quarried. It is soft limestone, easily cut 
into with a pick, and can be split into any shape ; we noticed 
the same horizontal strata cropping out at all elevated points 
in the prairie. Crossing the Pawnee or Eepublican fork by the 
Government bridge, we had a good view of the fine country be- 
tween the two rivers, which rises gracefully backward in high, 
swelling prairies. Here there is a saw mill just started. We 
strolled up the Eepublican^ gathered some black raspberries, 
and crossed a spring branch, then mounted a high bluff, whence 
we could see the beautiful Eepublican Valley a long way up. It 
is nearly three miles wide, high, dry, and level, with a loose, 
black, rich soil. The river flows in a serpentine course through 
the prairie bottoms, at some bends making nearly a circuit of 
six or eight miles, and coming back to within a mile of itself 
again — the banks generally having a light fringe of timber, with 
occasional groves near the Avater's edge, in the ravines, and on 
the blufl;"s. This is truly a delightful valley — the most inviting 
for settlement we ever saw. 

The ' Excel ' made a short trip up Smokyhill, Lieut. Sargent, 
from the Fort, accompanied us. We had an exciting time. The 
constant announcement from the man who heaved the lead, was, 
*No bottom.' The river was full, and the current strong, but 
we had great difficulty in getting round the short bends; — it 
keeps on the course of the main Kanzas, coming a little more 
from the south-west. There is more timber on this river than 
on the Kanzas above Pattawatomie, and the soil is better. We 
observed a deep marl deposit on the bluffs, beneath black soil, 
and the bottoms inclined up prettily from the river. A little 
way up, we saw a band of Fox Indians crossing over, going 
north on a butfalo-hunt ; and their motley procession stretched 
along over the prairies for miles. Here and there in the party 
was carried a pole, with a swan's neck or eagle's head and tail, 
&c., stuck upon it for a flag. They had with them about five 
hundred horses, all of which looked well. Great was the sur- 
prise manifested on seeing the ' Excel ' puffing along up these 
unknown waters ; but, poor fellows ! the startling scream of the 
shrill steam whistle, and the impetuous snorting of the iron- 
horse, will soon scare off the buffalo and other game from your 
hunting-grounds, to return no more — you too must follow in 
their trail, or succumb to the irresistible influence of civi- 
lization. 

Some forty miles up Smokyhill, an extensive bed of gypsum 
has been found, specimens of which have been tested and proved 
to be of superior quality ; we brought a small specimen home 



17 

with us. Salt is also alleged to be very abundant on the Saline 
fork ; the waters of the Ismokyhill are often quite brackish, 
and when the boilers of the * Excel ' are filled from that river, 
there is a slight incrustation of salt deposited. Specimens of 
coal, both bituminous and anthracite, and of tin, lead, and iron 
ore, have been brought in. Hints have been given that gold 
abounds, but in parts — unhnoivn! There cannot be a doubt, 
however, that valuable minerals will be found cropping out 
beneath, or interspersed in the primitive formation, as we ascend 
toward the Rocky Mountains. The country rises very rapidly 
in that direction from Fort Riley ; up the Republican, for in- 
stance, the ascent, in the first three hundred miles, is said to 
be two thousand feet. The rock in vicinity of Smokyhill is 
principally limestone ; and the river bottoms are a sandy loam. 
The upland prairies are broken, but of black, rich soil, par- 
ticularly where limestone predominates; the valleys are also 
very rich, and the soil mellow. Passing over the high uplands, 
often there is nothing to be seen but prairie spreading out 
beyond, till it is lost in dim distance ; when all at once, as if 
by magic, you come upon a 

' Woody vullcy, wami and low,'— 

with fine springs and clear running water. This is, indeed, a 
well-watered region, and must be salubrious and healthy. We 
previously mentioned the scarcity of timber above Rattawatomie ; 
it may here be added, that it '^is inadequate to supply what 
would be needed for agricultural purposes, and hardly sufficient 
for firewood. Here and to the westward, a new era in agricul- 
ture must be inaugurated — a new system must be practised. 
Nature demands "that it should be so. Instead of clearing 
timber lands, as in Eastern States, the citizen-farmers of Kanzas 
must grow their timber. There is fuel wanted, but coal, in 
many places, can be got with little labor ; houses must be built, 
and fences made, but in the absence of sufficient timber, excel- 
lent rock for all purposes can be procured in abundance ; or, for 
fencing, the farmer can hedge himself in most completely with 
Osage Orange. The country abounds with the most luscious 
grapes. Stock of all kinds are remarkably healthy ; and these 
rolling prairies will make the finest sheep-walks in the world. 
In fact, this may be designated the Pastoral Region of Ameuica. 
The gardens at Fort liiley look well ; and we procured some 
beautiful wild prairie flowers. 

The difficulty of navigating the Smokyhill with a stern-wheel 
steamer of such length as the ' Excel,' prevented Capt. Baker 
3 



18 

from venturing so far up as lie otherwise would. A sLorter 
side-wheel steamer, of very light draught, adapted to the navi- 
gation of these interior rivers, will soon be put on the trade. 
We left Fort Riley on the return trip, on Wednesday morning, 
and came down ' kiteing.' Passing rapidly in review the 
splendid scenery of which we have attempted to make hasty 
memoranda, we entered the Missouri about daylight next morn- 
ing. 

Before concluding these brief notes, it must be remarked — in 
reference to the productions and climate of Kanzas I'erritory — 
that there are, no doubt, superior hemp lands in its central and 
western portions ; but Nature unmistakably indicates stock- 
raising as the proper and most profitable occupation for the 
farmers who shall settle there. In the great Kanzas Vcalley 
below Pattawatomie, and in the eastern region along the I\lis- 
souri, there are some of the finest hemp lands in the world. 
Wheat, corn, oats, and vegetables, grow as well there as in any 
of the Western States. Those in the Platte Purchase, imme- 
diately east of the Missouri River, who attend to fruit-growing, 
say that their apples, peaches, plums, &c., cannot be surpassed 
anywhere ; we can see no reason why as much may not be said 
of the same crops in the region across the river. 

The winters are generally dry and pleasant, and the roads 
fine ; but little snow falls, and this lays on the ground only for 
a short time. Sometimes, however, there are very 'cold spells' 
of weather, but they are not of long duration. For instance, 
the masons in Parkville, Platte Co., Mo., quarried and laid 
stone last winter with but little interruption on account of the 
weather. Common cattle, colts, mules, and sheep, can be wint- 
ered on blue-grass, provided the pastures are allowed to grow 
up in the Fall, and the stock have a little corn or hay occa- 
sionally. February and March are frequently quite pleasant, 
and much plowing can be done in the mellow dry loam of the 
Kanzas Valley. The summers are quite warm and long, the 
thermometer (Fahr.) not unfrequently marking up to near one 
hundred degrees in the shade. The high prairies, however, are 
generally fanned by cool refreshing breezes ; and as we ascend 
the branches of the Kanzas from Fort Riley, there is a rapid 
rise to a cooler region. In May and June there is a super- 
abundance of rain ; but the latter end of summer and fall are 
generally dry. 



10 

Having been across the Territory many times in course of the 
last fifteen years, we give these remarks as the result of our 
experience." 

In regard to the productiveness of the soil, and the most fa- 
vorable time for immigrating to Kanzas, attention is directed 
to the following Letter, written by a gentleman well known to 
the Secretary, and upon whose opinion reliance may be placed. 

Independence, Mo. July 17, 1854. 

Dear Sir, — In my wanderings to and fro in this region, I find 
myself, to night, in this pleasant town, where are some fine 
buildings, good land, and enterprising citizens. 

The Court house, situated in the centre of the square that 
occupies the centre of the village, is truly an elegant building. 
There are also at least two large and well kept hotels, as well 
as a great number of stores, good dwelling houses, &c., in the 
town. The land, like that in Kanzas Territory, is rolling, rich 
and beautiful, and yields immense crops of corn, hemp, tobacco, 
and of almost any thing else that can be raised in the United 
States. I have passed cornfields, to-day, where some of the 
corn was so tall that the tallest man sitting on the tallest 
horse in Massachusetts would be unable to reach the top, and 
that, too, when it has just commenced to tassel out, and before 
the stalk has completed its growth. I am told that when the 
corn is harvested, only the tallest of the laborers can reach 
some of the corn without breaking down the stalks. Judging 
from the present appearance of the corn here, and of that in 
Illinois, when I passed through that State, the yield of this 
will be nearly or quite twice as much as that. In fact, I never 
saw any thing like the corn here, nor " dreamed of it in my 
philosophy." A very intelligent and systematic Belgian farmer, 
in Kanzas, a few days since, gave me some of his experience in 
farming, with hired slaves for his laborers. According to his 
experience, last year, which was not so good as some, on ac- 
count of the dry weather, he will have this Fall, when his harv- 
esting is done, as follows: 

Corn, eighty-five acres, with sixty-five bushels to the acre, at 
50 cts. a bushel, amounting to $2,762 

Wheat 10 acres, 20 bushels to the acre, at $1,00, making 200 
Oats, 26 acres, 40 •' '* " 30, " 312 

Timothy grass, 12 acres, 2 tons to the acre 10,00, " 240 

Clover, 2j acres for the swine. 
Potatoes, 1 acre, 200 bushels, at 40c., making 80 



20 

These products amount to 83,594. In addition to this he 
has 150 swine, which, when ready for the knife, will weigh 230 
lbs. each, if as good as last year, and w^hich at six cents a 
pound, will come to $2,070. Deducting 18 bushels of corn at 
50 cents a bushel for each hog, will leave $720 ; which, added 
to the first, makes $4,314. The work on his farm, including 
the garden, general improvements, &c., is done by five men, or 
hired slaves, while the owner simply superintends it. 

From ten to fifteen hundred pounds of hemp to the acre is an 
average crop for this land, and the price the year past has been 
from 120 to 150 dollars a ton. Pumpkins, melons, apples, 
peaches, and fruit of all kinds, grow here in abundance if 
planted. Such is the land in Kanzas town, and such, also, is 
the land in Kanzas Territory ; for it is of the same general 
character. Let it be remembered that such crops as the above 
are raised without a spoonful of manure, and that, too, from 
year to year for all time to come, for aught I know. I have 
seen corn growling on land that has been planted for twenty 
years in succession, and there was no apparent difi"erence be- 
tween it, and the corn on new land. Also, let the New England 
farmer remember, that to raise from GO to 80 bushels of corn 
to the acre here, no hoeing is required. The only work requi- 
site after planting is to plow amongst it a few times, and such 
work as '-weeding," "half hilling," and "hilling" is un- 
known. The price of this land is, for unimproved, from 25 
to 40 dollars an acre ; and for improved land, from 40 to 100 
dollars. This is the price of all the land bordering on the Ter- 
ritory for several miles south of the mouth of the Kanzas river, 
and it will soon be higher — for there is comparatively but little 
such land in the United States as this. The land all through 
the Kanzas river valley, in the Territory, is equally as good as 
that above described, and worth as much to the acre, and will 
produce as large crops. Is it to be wondered at, then, that 
every young man in Missouri, and every old man, also, 
who has not already a farm of the same quality of his own, 
should be rushing into the Territory to secure 160 acres, for 
$1,25 an acre, when he knows it will be worth from $25 to 
$100 the moment he gets his title? Eather is it not strange, 
and wonderful that, at least, one hundred thousand persons 
from New England, are not on their way to this garden of the 
world, at this moment ? That such would be the case 1 have 
no doubt, if the good qualities of the land, climate, &c., were 
understood by them as well as they are by those in jMissouri on 
the borders. The rush from this State to Kanzas Territory, is 



21 

not so much to secure a foothold for slavery there, as to secure 
2i, fortune, iiohvithstaudiiig ^vhat the newspapers say about it. 
!No; most who go from here are young men, in want of farms; 
and shivery, to say the least, is a secondary matter with them, 
if indeed, they are not opposed to its introduction into Kanzas, 
which is certainly the case with many. 

You ask, when is the best time for New England men to go 
to Kanzas? Unquestionably the best time is this Fall. By 
coming now, they can select from the best of the land now open 
to settlement, as well as get their cabins and fences made, and 
their land plowed ready for Spring work. 'J he winters, I anj 
told, are so mild, that out door work can be done with comfort, 
such as splitting rails, fencing, building houses, kQ., during 
most of the season. Besides, if they would be represented in 
the first Territorial Legislature of Kanzas, they must be on the 
ground soon. 

At some other time, I will speak of the inducements for me- 
chanics to settle in Kanzas and western Missouri. * * 

As much interest is manifested in respect to the Pioneer 
Party, which left Boston, July 17th, a Letter from one of the 
number, communicated to the Boston Journal, is subjoined. 

THE NEW ENGLAND EMiaRATlON TO KANZAS. 

St. Louis, Steamer "Polar Star." 
July 24, 1854. 
Mr. Editor : — Our Pioneer Party to Kanzas have reached this 
point on their journey from Boston to the American ' Central 
ilowery Land.' Although the weather has been unusually 
warm, the journey has been pleasant, and every man is in the 
enjoyment of excellent health. All look forward with good 
spirits to their entrance upon the new homes beyond the Mis- 
souri. The company consists of thirty men, all of whom are 
men of intelligence and discreetness, and some of cultivation, 
and even of considerable property. 'J'he railroad agents, hotel 
keepers, and others in the western cities, who had been par- 
tially led to expect, from the ridiculous reports set afloat in 
pro slavery journals of the South, a flood of paupers, foreign 
and domestic, collected from the streets of Northern cities, 
were astonished, 'i hey counted not upon seeing a body of sober 
and substantial citizens, embracing, besides men of the four 
Professions of theology, law, medicine and teaching, several en- 



22 

terprising master manufacturers and mechanics and sturdy 
farmers. From the character of the present party of emigrants, 
the Country may expect soon to see in Kanzas a flourishing 
community, based on the old upright Xew England principles, 
and the wealth of several of them, and of those connected in 
business with them at home, will enable them quickly to put 
up saw mills and other manufactories. Such in fact is the in- 
tention. 

No where has the Party been more kindly received than in 
St. Louis. AVe are visited daily by intelligent citizens, who 
express a warm interest in the movement. We are assured 
that throughout the State the great bulk of the honest inhabi- 
tants desire just such a neighbor State as an encouraged emi- 
gration from the respectable inhabitants of the North would 
make of Kanzas. The Jackson and Platte County resolutions 
are denounced in the strongest terms, and you will see that al- 
ready the back track is taken, and that some of the papers in 
that section of the State are endeavoring to put a very harmless 
construction upon them, and one altogether difterent from the 
obvious meaning. AVe are told that at another meeting, held 
in one of the border counties quite recently, similar resolutions 
against Northern emigration were voted down, eight to one. 
AVe apprehend no trouble. Popular sentiment has been too de- 
cidedly manifested against the fanaticism of the late Jackson 
County meeting. However, come what may, our thirty New 
Englanders are not likely to be terrified by bravado, and whilst 
they disclaim any interference with Missouri slaveholders, will 
not be imposed upon themselves. 

It is right to say that the party feel entirely satisfied with 
the operations of the Emigrant Aid Company. A meeting was 
held at the City Hotel, in St. Louis, on Saturday evening, of 
which Hugh Cameron, of AA'ashington, D. C. was Chairman, and 
Edwin Davenport, of Boston, Secretary. After making a thor- 
ough organization of themselves for effectual co-operation and 
protection, a series of resolutions expressive of the high confi- 
dence entertained in the Massachusetts Emigrant Aid Society 
was passed. They were forwarded to the oflficers of that Soci- 
ety, and will be published by them if they think fit. 

AA^e start in the "Polar Star," tomorrow evening, and will 
disembark at the mouth of the Kanzas River. There we shall 
meet with the Company's guides. I will write you again. 

After an exceedingly hot day, it is now (4 o'clock) raining 
heavily, accompanied with very heavy thunder. 

Charlestown. 



28 

The following are the Resolutions referred to on the preceding 
page, viz : 

Resolved, That we, the entire number of the Kanzas Pioneer 
Party from the New England and Middle States, have implicit 
confidence in the Emigrant Aid Company, and would recommend 
all persons intending to emigrate to Kanzas, to do so under their 
auspices. 

Resolved, That we heartily thank the Emigrant Aid Compa- 
ny, for directing attention to, and thus far carrying out, the ob- 
jects for which they have been incorporated. 

Resolved, That the Officers and Employees connected with the 
several Railroad Companies, over which we have travelled, have 
shown us great favor, and are entitled to and hereby receive our 
thanks. 

THE PIONEER PARTY.— Charles H. Branscomb, Esq., one of the Com- 
panv's Agents, went up with the Pioneer Party, and located them on a beau- 
tiful tract of land previously selected by him as an advantageous position for 
a town site. This spot is situated six miles above the Wakarusa, a tributary 
of tlie Kanzas River, and about 35 miles above the mouth of the latter stream, 
on its south side. For a brief description, the reader is referred to the para- 
graph commencing on page 11, and contiimed on page 12 of this pamphlet. 

Mr. B. travelled in various sections of the Territory, and says it is impossi- 
ble for one who has not been in that region to conceive of its "beauty and fer- 
tility ; he confinns all the statements that have been made respecting it in our 
pamphlet. 

The SECOND PARTY left this city, on Tuesday, the 29th of August.— 
They reached Kanzas City Sept. 6th, and entered the Territory under the giaid- 
nnce of Charles Robinson and S. L. Pomeroy, Agents of the Co. They were 
cordially received by the Pioneer Party, and" have made a joint settlement, at 
the beatiful site selected by Mr. Branscomb. 

The THIRD PARTY, under the guidance of Mr. Branscomb, (who has 
returned twice from Kanzas since July) left Boston Sept. 26th ; it numbered 
eighty-six persons, to which ac^oessions were made at Worcester, Rochester, 
and elsewhere Westward. ^Messts. Pomeroy and Robinson are making gi-eat 
exertions to accommodate the parties for the Winter, and to provide tiie ma- 
terials for the erection of houses in the Spring. This pressure of business 
involves a large expenditure ; which their experience will enable them to ihake 
with prudence and discretion. But their drafts cannot be met with the 
Funds in the hands of the Trustees, unless ^'- material aid''' furnished by those 
who wish for success to the enterprise shall be very much greater than it has 
been thus far. 

The FOURTH PARTY left this city the l7th of October; it niirjjbered 123 
individuals, to wliich 60 were added at Worcester, a number at Springfield, 
Alban)-, Rochester, and Buffalo. At Chicago, a large accession was antici- 
pated, and ere leaving St. Louis the number will exceed 250. 

The FIFTH PARTY will leave this city, November 7th, at 
2 J o'clock, P. ]\I., from the Western Railroad Depot, Beach St. 

The fare, for a first class passage, and no other is recom- 
mended, will be $25 from Boston to Kanzas City, Mo. Children 



24 



'muIsUc lltlTVLZ' ■''".P""*' ""-^^^ ' y-^^- free- 
more han IScenrs The ir T""^'' 7^'^' "" '''e ^"^'d. 
on boardthe boat trL =;t T "^"'ISe,'^^'- "?«al« and state-rooms 
is but $5 however loltt^nf *' ^T ' "^ disembarkation 
ing also pVSfo Tom thrS^tTr' ^ the passenger be- 
tbe boat 'should not leZ Stl uTs or Sda f ''ihu:"f 
whole cost from Boston to Kanzas 6ity wi I be about t^^ . ! 

all^eztr'^w^l t'7V""*'r " P-^^^"" *« '00 lbs. of baggage- 
ctii excess, will cost from here to Rnflf-.l/N <&o -n ^ '^feo'^6^ » 

to St. Louis via Ka roads', -n ^ ^"^? '^,'" ''^'fr"'" B°st«n 
as above. **■ *^'''° P'"' '^"°dred ; from St. Louis, 

"THE HERALD OF FEEEDOM." 
lish^.at tf^'eif o/Zln:;;e,y'''f Conneaatvillo, Pa. Com-ier, will pub- 
Weekly Newspaper^devfS^X'dlfopS of'Se""'' "" '",««?-'"„* 

of .he'co„s«,„ti„'?ri;'r2X tf^>'al^%'°°t'^^^^^^^^^ 

of freedom, it will Labor to prevent th/e?r„«t„/™^°'^'"' greatest area 

new territory ineompatible 'tlferewitb A, 1^,".^! ""■'' "«V""'°" "^■'''- «'"= 

amount „ltSu°be"proft:;'^CZ.rH'wr 'T^^' *«»«'"'■ >">««>» 
Md Sodety, B«sto„, .vj. A^^ent "de*o,,?'of ! "' '^■"■'<«"J "/ '*« ^'my™«( 
or portion of a Stale, will applTlit^^^X^Sr^StSSS: '•^'^- 

SONG OF THE EMIGRANTS. 

DoI'rns'rlK best'"st'f r" "^er a Premium of Fxpt. 
some favorite tune or Natfal'lir""" '^"'^™°'^' ^"^^P'^'^ *» 

^^^:^^:^^t\^:Sts^ - s„ch of 



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